Tunnel oven



A. 4 1,586,306 G. GRNDAL. 5T Al.

TUNNEL OVEN Filed Nov. e, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 25 1926.`

4:@ e@ n; Fig-g4 wz.

Il W

- Inventor G' r Grd/adm.' U5 abens Carlson Patented May 25, 19276.

GSTAF l GRNDAL, 10F .DJ'UBSHOIM, .AND LORENS CARLSON, OIE*v l STQCKHOLM,SWEDEN.

v,"iUfiStrIiii.. OVEN.A

.npplricatipngleLNoveiber,6,"1924. Serial No. 7485193.

..It' liasbeenffnund, that 'shuleshschists and other comparativelyvery'hituininousniate-f r`ri als may veryfeaslyb-e distilledby heating,

prebebly primarily. is tram.S'fulfilled7 -.f.1t0 @seni-1116 1113.85,Wh'elliby 'tlesrue tive.I distillation 'gen- `ein'tes. vgas ifroin,.which oils.' are obtained by .nieainsii of. eonlclellsntou. fFojr "thatreason Suche material cannot be tieatedi'nthedis `tllng,.fiippfirgitns(Scottish retorts Vvor Vrevxfolizirig. dr'nins) hitherto .'nse'd,.beeause the irriterel dnrngthe he nggwill stick 'tothe -WllQS-Jo the.`elipeijtitusgn'd'thereby' eens-e nterruptonsinl't-heproeess.

"..Qiuf' intention .relates to e' uroeeSS, l .jei'iiappaaretus su'. i vnient' of. such eoking,materials.

.Aeeoridingjto the "invention rthe linz'iteria in. the shane of powder.,Smell .pieces or .br'ks ...is ,placed in .thin layers' upon e :bed'('foi instance jtrnys Aonsl'ielves), wheh is subjected to. an.indireotlheating in` a Closed chirnber by means'of Combustiongasesdoessing, thronglilieaiting 4means. (radiators, ire

hginriels..y .orf :the like) j in the 'chamber l and at this passage.emitting heut nto the 'niatef miel;a .directly by rdetion 'f as well esndi- .reoldy .Lbyj means of the jgsesj .and "vapors, agneleted.di'iiiingthe process. and"l indirectly alsojby stezinifi t diieedwintoytlie chamber. "The materialliei @ydsk decomposed; andgexp'e'ls. `oilvapors end .gasesf Wliieli are' colleete d @and condensed'lirtlie. usualmanner. 'Villien the.. treatmentof' the. material.. is fiiiishedgth the'i' `arereinovedgfiomihe lhez'iting j Chamber amd the reineiridQi'Sremoved fir-onu the, sup- Vp wit in 4 'tlie1s.2i.dehzunloer; y f

` The heating olieretionipreferiilly'nniy be carried .ont in sevemletepsof d'ereiit-gte1r i peintures, x for` `nvliiveli.A rpose the traystinayY he :pliced' on 50ers, which (are Veontinuously 'or .1"nittentlyimoyedt. through en E.elob q f tedlheatingehamber, the,difiierent parts not. which :are: 'lieeteditoderent-tempertitures,whereby fthe prooessis accelerated andthe'produetolrthus increased. In .place of :,moifing.; .the E-'inateral 'Lthrough the heatingeliainber the combustion I (heating)4 gases may he vintrod'uoed successively in fdi'ierent .zjlzuiztsof .llcliainberfmengen.

-for the reasonutl'int tliefbituinen surgpgigtingL triys` indffthe`reinztiiiders "upon- `liilinand'tlie material with its 'supporting`trays be stationary.

4For .facilitating the trans-mission ofitlie heette tlie'inaterial-gasCirculating means, I

chamber. f n

After the pussege 'through the said chainberthe-.supporting trays withthe remain- "deis upon.:thein aresuitehly cooled jwith waiter., and thesteam thereby gener-ated: in-

troduced into thejhea-ting elianibeigfwliereby lient,that'otherwisewvouldbe lost', can he utilized.

In tlieuccoinpunying drawing a constructi onal''orni of ai' tunnel jovensuitable ffiorthe process' now "descrihediis illustrated in a .ver-

tical longitudinulseetion'in l `and in `t"horizontal longitudinalsectionl inflig. 2; Figs. L3 4 undj illustraterespeetryelyyvertioaleross sections .along the lines 'lll-lli,

'The funnel oyen vucontains vrsin1'elingnted` 'chamber A. AWliiolifetlits .ends is Vprovided with' olossing, ineens, ujiiore eliainber'Batx'the n Vone 1 and a Cooling f chamber 5 C at ythe other ond.'A'Ateitlier side ofrtlierehanibei sets of heating 'elements "d,y fe, arearranged; heated l hy ineens of`i-coinl3ns`tion-gsses' l'from fireplaces Vf, g situated outside-1 the g tunnel: oven,

to "a .more feeble 'lieating on "the stretch y-i 1"(Where'the'felenientsliaye i lower tenipeisiture) and nully v.tosoniewliuthigher ttenqzer:turev ou the stretch g/,f -sfior @Yvellinglthe @lest ieniaiiiders ot the oil; 'i'ze ;teniperaiture.oipv theelements on the y-y1iniy,` ns-staited,zbe lower than tl-i etch ut on thekstretch m1.-g/,.becaiise"the-inaterial on the I stretch' Vlast.mentioned has-alreatdy heen heated to such zi high temperature,gthut'thedistillation of theinuteiil on thatgstr-et-oh .as fans, are suitablyarranged in'itlielieeting' Cil Sill

so that. the inaterialfupon: the 'fours introduced 'from' tlieforeclizinheiijB nt irstsuliniitted 2:- toia drying onyth'e stretch zr-l by"ineens ot the coniplurutively weakly lient-ed elements tliereu'ter to erupi-d f lientingfto about 400 C.' onthe stretch x14-y (bygnesns ottlie,y v'inoreg highly "heated i elementsv (Z) thereafter lli) the endnearest the cooling chamber, pass through the set to the adjacent end ofthe set (Z, where they meet the combustion gases from the tire placewhich gases havtI passed through the set of elements al in :i directionopposite to that of gases first nientioned. The. two currents of gasespass to gether through channels z under the set oi elements d and enterinto the set of elements i, through which they fiow to the chimney 7c.

The parts of the elements d and c, which are situated nearest to thelire places of course obtain the highest temperature, while the elementsz' have the lowest one.

In the heating chamber ventilators (circulation fans) Z are arranged forincreasing kthe circulation of the gases and localizing the temperaturein the chamber within nar1 row limits, for which purpose they aresituated on determined places of the cham ber. The steam expelled fromthe material on the stretch rtf-:r1 is brought into circulation in thispart of the chamber by means of the ventilators placed nearest theinlet, but when more such steam is expelled it flows over to the stretchacl-y, where it is heated to a relatively high temperature by theelements Z and is brought into circulation about the material on thisstretch. This material hereby is heated to W-100 C., whereby very muchoil is expelled, an expelling that continues exothermically on thestretch g/--g/1 where for that reason-any transmitting of heat is notquite necessary and the use of ventilators thus not required. Near tothe outlet end of the heating chamber such ventilators Z are placed forproducing a brisk circulation on the stretch g/l-z, thereby transmittingthe heat from the strongly7 heated elements e to the niaterial andremoving the last remainder ofV the oil therefrom. v

Conduits m open into the cooling chamber C for the introduction ofcooling water to the hot cars with their charge whereby steam isgenerated and also other tubes n for carrying such steam to the stretchyl-*eg (or oaf-y) in the heating chamber A. Chamber A is also providedwith conduits 0 for carrying the disengaged oleiferous gases to acondensing device not illustrated on the drawing.

In the treatment of highly bituminous shales, etc., the remainders afterthe distillation may be coked to such an extent that they stick to thesupporting beds; for avoiding this inconvenience the trays before theircharging may be powdered witn a thin layer of the pulverized remainderor any other suitable material.

The process (as well as the funnel oven) of course may also be used fornoncolting material and affords in both cases the advantage ofpermitting a working up of the material in a powdered form.

Having now particularly described the nature of our invention and themanner o' its operation, what we claim is:

l. A tunnel oven for distilling oil and other products from bituminousmaterials as shales, schists, coal and the like, comprising movablecars, trays piled up with interspaces upon such cars and carrying thematerial thereon in thin layers, heatin devices situated inside theoven, means closing the oven at its inlet and outlet ends., outlets forthe vapors and gases generated in the distillation, and fans ar anged inthe distillation chamber itself for producing a circulation of the saidvapors and gases.

2. A tunnel oven for distilling Oil and other products from bituminousmaterials as shales, schiste, coal and the lile, comprising movablecars, trays piled up with interspaces upon such cars and carrying thematerial thereon in thin layers, heating de1 vices situated inside theoven, means for closing the oven at its inlet and outlet ends, outletsin the oven for the vapors and gases generated in the distillation, fansarranged in the distillation chamber for circulation of the vapors andgases, a cooling chamber at the outlet end of the oven, conduits forintroducing water into said chamber to cool the material introducedtherein, and other conduits for conducting the steam generated in thecooling chamber to the distillation chamber.

A tunnel oven for distilling oil and other products from bituminousmaterials as shales, schists, coal and the like, com` prising movablecars, trays piled up with interspaces upon such ears and carrying thematerial thereon in thin layers, means for closing the oven at its inletand outlet ends, outlets in the oven for the vapors and gases generatedin the distillation, circulation fans in the distillation chamber,heating devices situated inside the oven and consisting of three sets ofheating flues arranged in succession lengthwise of the oven, an outerfurnace for each of the two sets of heating lues nearest the outlet endof the distillation chamber and arranged to supply heat` ing gases tosaid fines, a common flue communicating with the said two sets of fluesand opening into the set nearest to the inlet end of the distillationchamber.

4. A. tunnel oven for distilling oil and other products from bituminousin aterials as shales, schists, coal and the like, comprising` movablecars, trays piledl up with interspaces upon such cars and carrying thematerial thereon in thin layers, means for closing the oven at its inletand outlet ends, outlets for the vapors and gases generated in thedistillation, fans arranged in the distillation chamber for circulationof the vapors and gases, a cooling chamber at the outlet end of theoven, conduits for introducng wate into said chamber to cool the f ovenand consisting of three sets of heating fines arranged in successionlengthwise of the oven, an outer furnace 'for each of the two sets ofheating fines nearest the outlet end of the distillation i-hfnnbei anda1'-y ranged to supply heating gases to said ilnes,

a common flue communicating with the said two sets of lines and openinginto the set.

nearest to the inlet end ,of the distillation chamber. ,f i5 K y Intestimony whereof We have Signed oni' names to this specification.

GUSTAF GRNDAL. LOB-ENS CARLSON.

